PLURAL EXECUTIVE
Committee to a position as a leader by Ernest Dale called the group decision making, is by Koontz and O 'Donnel plural named executive as opposed to individual decision making and individual executives. With a plural executive was clear he meant, ie, a position not held by a single person but is held by more than one.
A plural executive could be built under the provisions of Undan-laws, may also on a decision from a superior. Example, as a plural executive committee of the first type is the board of directors as contained in the corporations in the United States. The position of the first type of plural executive is in a level above the head, so he became the boss of the company president or general manager.
The second type of plural executive, founded upon the decision of a leader's position is certainly a level with him if the committee intended to substitute himself for a while, but when the committee was assigned to do several tasks in which the relevant committee impeach him, then his position is a lower level than him. In other words, so it is subordinate committee of leaders who are shaping it, in which the committee is responsible for the execution of his duty to the leaders who founded it.
Attracted the attention of the plural executive is a question which is better or more efektive between plural executive with a menajer. In other words, which one is better between the plurality of individual managers with the manager. About this until now there has been no satisfactory answer, which states exactly which one is better.
To try to answer those questions, the AMA (American Management Association) has conducted an investigation tarhadap twenty companies that are considered representative. In these investigations attempted to obtain a more effective where done either by individual or by a plural executive manager of several tasks manager. As a result of the investigation obtained by the table as on page 104.
From the table can we draw the following conclusion:
1. Individual managers are better perform the functions of planning, control, organization, leadership, administration, communication, and decision making.
2. Individual is less good at formulating functions Objectives and jurisdictional questions.
3. The committee is better than the individual in performing the task formulating objectives and jurisdictional questions.
4. To get better results in tasks communication and advice, individual managers should be assisted by the committee.
5. In terms of innovation committee or individual is just as good.
Indeed the object of investigation conducted by the AMA is not too wide though so the results can become as handles while awaiting the results of a more competent again.
Clearly the table above that in many ways better than the individual manager plural executive, as stated in the first conclusion above. Furthermore, it should be noted that when a plural executive becomes a reality, there are many weaknesses in him kelemehan-especially the principle of unity of command was ignored because every member of the committee felt entitled to govern their subordinates.
Finally, the formation of such a plural executive committee takes selain biaya yang besar very, dalam mengambil keputusan takes a long time and the trend to no decision or decisions taken hanya merupakan fruit from a person or a party's mind kecil members. It is also not feasible synthesis results in good thoughts of all members of the committee. Kelemehan short-kelemehan from the committee can be realized in a plural executive.
Committee to a position as a leader by Ernest Dale called the group decision making, is by Koontz and O 'Donnel plural named executive as opposed to individual decision making and individual executives. With a plural executive was clear he meant, ie, a position not held by a single person but is held by more than one.
A plural executive could be built under the provisions of Undan-laws, may also on a decision from a superior. Example, as a plural executive committee of the first type is the board of directors as contained in the corporations in the United States. The position of the first type of plural executive is in a level above the head, so he became the boss of the company president or general manager.
The second type of plural executive, founded upon the decision of a leader's position is certainly a level with him if the committee intended to substitute himself for a while, but when the committee was assigned to do several tasks in which the relevant committee impeach him, then his position is a lower level than him. In other words, so it is subordinate committee of leaders who are shaping it, in which the committee is responsible for the execution of his duty to the leaders who founded it.
Attracted the attention of the plural executive is a question which is better or more efektive between plural executive with a menajer. In other words, which one is better between the plurality of individual managers with the manager. About this until now there has been no satisfactory answer, which states exactly which one is better.
To try to answer those questions, the AMA (American Management Association) has conducted an investigation tarhadap twenty companies that are considered representative. In these investigations attempted to obtain a more effective where done either by individual or by a plural executive manager of several tasks manager. As a result of the investigation obtained by the table as on page 104.
From the table can we draw the following conclusion:
1. Individual managers are better perform the functions of planning, control, organization, leadership, administration, communication, and decision making.
2. Individual is less good at formulating functions Objectives and jurisdictional questions.
3. The committee is better than the individual in performing the task formulating objectives and jurisdictional questions.
4. To get better results in tasks communication and advice, individual managers should be assisted by the committee.
5. In terms of innovation committee or individual is just as good.
Indeed the object of investigation conducted by the AMA is not too wide though so the results can become as handles while awaiting the results of a more competent again.
Clearly the table above that in many ways better than the individual manager plural executive, as stated in the first conclusion above. Furthermore, it should be noted that when a plural executive becomes a reality, there are many weaknesses in him kelemehan-especially the principle of unity of command was ignored because every member of the committee felt entitled to govern their subordinates.
Finally, the formation of such a plural executive committee takes selain biaya yang besar very, dalam mengambil keputusan takes a long time and the trend to no decision or decisions taken hanya merupakan fruit from a person or a party's mind kecil members. It is also not feasible synthesis results in good thoughts of all members of the committee. Kelemehan short-kelemehan from the committee can be realized in a plural executive.