Frederich Winslow Taylor (1856-1915)
FWTayor is a manager and adviser to the company, and is one of the largest management. He applied scientific methods to solve problems in the company, and the results of the analysis to establish some principles that replaces the system of trial and error are common during nyaIa come to a conclusion that satisfactory results will be obtained by industrial companies with performing work already been planned and carefully meperhatikan managers, both unsusr-machine elements and human elements.
Position FWTaylor in management science can match the position Darwin as one of the leaders in natural science. In fact, Towne called Taylor as "one of the world discovers and creative laders" and as the creator of a new `` science ``. So Taylor was even regarded as the creator of scientific management.
In January 1912, Taylor explained the meaning of scientific management (not Taylor himself who gave the term), because there is confusion understanding of scientific management is e great mental revolution or mental revolution which is great, because it involves mental manejer and employees.
Taylor saw that the conflict which arose between the manager and the workers in the past about the devision of the surplus, the distribution of surplus. This occurs because the surplus of managers or owners and the workers worked together to produce something. To produce a good, then the company to pay for the purchase of raw materials, machinery maintenance costs, selling costs, and as his. Total sales results in reduced cost is obtained, what is called a `` `surplus. These surpluses will be on for between workers and business leaders (owners). In this division arises a conflict between two parties.
The essence of both of scientific management is the application of science to eliminate the system of trial and error for each element of work, Taylor said emphatically:
`` Scientific management Can not be said to exist, then, in any establishment Until changes after this has taken place in the mental attitude of both the management and the men, both as to on their duty to cooperate in producing The Largest surplus and as to the necessity for substituting opinions for exact scientific knowledge or the old rule of tumb or individual knowledge. ``
In his book entitled "Scientific Management, which was published by Darmount College, Hanover in 1911, he proposed at the first conference on Scientific Management, among others, he put forward four principles of Scientific Management:
a. Eliminate the system of trial and error and to be ready to apply the elements of the work must be in the progress of science.
b. Choosing the best worker for each task for the next train and educate.
c. Each officer was to apply the results of science
d. Dividing the best job among the leaders and officers.
One very interesting from Taylor's opinion is about the manager's position. He believes that it is a servant manager to subordinates. about it he argues as follows
`` ... Under scientific management the managers are more the sarvants of the men than the men are the servants of the manager.i can say That the sense of obligation is greater on the part of the management on the part than the men.
Furthermore, he argues that in Sciencific Management is the duty of every manager to know what is best, that is by analyzing, pengobservasian, and experiments to determine how heavy the load of the best shovel to shovel as much complicated on and easy as possible. Experiments conducted from the weight of 38 pounds of weight continued to fall to 34.28 and 21 pounds. At 21 pounds of weight was the most numerous and shoveling job easiest. When you subtract more weight on it, the result will be decreased. So he came to the conclusion that a shovel with a load of 21 pounds is the weight the best to the shovel in the amount of pakerja for the best.
In addition to that we referred to above, the results of the other Taylor's creation was the system known by the name of the organization of functional organization. In the form of functional organization, Taylor divides the organization into two parts: the planning of the execution on the part of the planning experts who have given the name of Route Clerk, Clerk Instruktion Card, and Time and Cost Clerk, was on the implementation of the foremen have which given the name Gang Boss, Speed Boss, Boss and Repair Inspector. In addition, there are for the entire organization in namainya Diciplinarian foreman. Every expert in the planning and every foreman, can give instructions to each worker along the jointed nothing to do with function. In other words, each worker is responsible to the employer in accordance with superior functionality it. Hence, the creation of Taylor's form of organization called a Functional Organization.
Finally, one other result in the creation Taylor who need to ask is that the wage system based on wage per piece minimum and maximum wages per piece, which will encourage the workers in doing their jobs. Taylor wage system creation is commonly called `` The Taylor Differential Rate System `.`
According to Taylor wage system is in distinguishing the two kinds of wage, ie wage per piece minimum and maximum wages per piece. Per piece minimum wage given to people who produce goods is lower than or equal to the work of the standard, whereas the maximum wages per piece, given to people who produce the goods on the results of the standard work. The work is the amount of work standards that might be obtained by those ordinary skilled. Standard work on the set with a bottom line investigation of a number of workers.
FWTayor is a manager and adviser to the company, and is one of the largest management. He applied scientific methods to solve problems in the company, and the results of the analysis to establish some principles that replaces the system of trial and error are common during nyaIa come to a conclusion that satisfactory results will be obtained by industrial companies with performing work already been planned and carefully meperhatikan managers, both unsusr-machine elements and human elements.
Position FWTaylor in management science can match the position Darwin as one of the leaders in natural science. In fact, Towne called Taylor as "one of the world discovers and creative laders" and as the creator of a new `` science ``. So Taylor was even regarded as the creator of scientific management.
In January 1912, Taylor explained the meaning of scientific management (not Taylor himself who gave the term), because there is confusion understanding of scientific management is e great mental revolution or mental revolution which is great, because it involves mental manejer and employees.
Taylor saw that the conflict which arose between the manager and the workers in the past about the devision of the surplus, the distribution of surplus. This occurs because the surplus of managers or owners and the workers worked together to produce something. To produce a good, then the company to pay for the purchase of raw materials, machinery maintenance costs, selling costs, and as his. Total sales results in reduced cost is obtained, what is called a `` `surplus. These surpluses will be on for between workers and business leaders (owners). In this division arises a conflict between two parties.
The essence of both of scientific management is the application of science to eliminate the system of trial and error for each element of work, Taylor said emphatically:
`` Scientific management Can not be said to exist, then, in any establishment Until changes after this has taken place in the mental attitude of both the management and the men, both as to on their duty to cooperate in producing The Largest surplus and as to the necessity for substituting opinions for exact scientific knowledge or the old rule of tumb or individual knowledge. ``
In his book entitled "Scientific Management, which was published by Darmount College, Hanover in 1911, he proposed at the first conference on Scientific Management, among others, he put forward four principles of Scientific Management:
a. Eliminate the system of trial and error and to be ready to apply the elements of the work must be in the progress of science.
b. Choosing the best worker for each task for the next train and educate.
c. Each officer was to apply the results of science
d. Dividing the best job among the leaders and officers.
One very interesting from Taylor's opinion is about the manager's position. He believes that it is a servant manager to subordinates. about it he argues as follows
`` ... Under scientific management the managers are more the sarvants of the men than the men are the servants of the manager.i can say That the sense of obligation is greater on the part of the management on the part than the men.
Furthermore, he argues that in Sciencific Management is the duty of every manager to know what is best, that is by analyzing, pengobservasian, and experiments to determine how heavy the load of the best shovel to shovel as much complicated on and easy as possible. Experiments conducted from the weight of 38 pounds of weight continued to fall to 34.28 and 21 pounds. At 21 pounds of weight was the most numerous and shoveling job easiest. When you subtract more weight on it, the result will be decreased. So he came to the conclusion that a shovel with a load of 21 pounds is the weight the best to the shovel in the amount of pakerja for the best.
In addition to that we referred to above, the results of the other Taylor's creation was the system known by the name of the organization of functional organization. In the form of functional organization, Taylor divides the organization into two parts: the planning of the execution on the part of the planning experts who have given the name of Route Clerk, Clerk Instruktion Card, and Time and Cost Clerk, was on the implementation of the foremen have which given the name Gang Boss, Speed Boss, Boss and Repair Inspector. In addition, there are for the entire organization in namainya Diciplinarian foreman. Every expert in the planning and every foreman, can give instructions to each worker along the jointed nothing to do with function. In other words, each worker is responsible to the employer in accordance with superior functionality it. Hence, the creation of Taylor's form of organization called a Functional Organization.
Finally, one other result in the creation Taylor who need to ask is that the wage system based on wage per piece minimum and maximum wages per piece, which will encourage the workers in doing their jobs. Taylor wage system creation is commonly called `` The Taylor Differential Rate System `.`
According to Taylor wage system is in distinguishing the two kinds of wage, ie wage per piece minimum and maximum wages per piece. Per piece minimum wage given to people who produce goods is lower than or equal to the work of the standard, whereas the maximum wages per piece, given to people who produce the goods on the results of the standard work. The work is the amount of work standards that might be obtained by those ordinary skilled. Standard work on the set with a bottom line investigation of a number of workers.